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Saturday, 28 February 2015

गजल

मुन्टाे बङ्याउँदै फाेटा नहाल ।
बेर्थै फेसबुकमा ईज्जत् नफाल ।

बैरिहरु छन अनलाइनमा धेरै
बिछ्याउन सक्छन् मायाको जाल ।

भन्लान् हजारले प्रस्ताव राख्दै
बनाउँछु सानू प्रितकाे ताल ।

नशालु हेराई र उच्च सुन्दरताले
बनाउन सक्छ झन मालामाल ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१७

गजल

भन्दै थिई रक्सि पिउनु नाैलाे हैन रे ।
फाटेकाे मन सिउनु नाैलाे हैन रे ।

मिलन बिछाेड त भईरहन्छ रे जिवनमा
हृदयमा अरु लिउनु नाैलाे हैन रे ।

कहिलेकाही अतितका यादहरु भुलाउन
नशामै झ्याप भै जिउनु नाैलाे हैन रे ।

ती पुरानो यादहरु दिलबाट हटाउन
टुटेको हृदय खिउनु नाैलाे हैन रे ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१७

Thursday, 26 February 2015

गजल

त्यो दिन खास हुनेछ ।
जब हाम्रो सहवास हुनेछ ।

आँखाकाे भावलाई बुझ्नु सानू
हल्का चुम्बनकाे आश हुनेछ ।

जुन दिन त्यो सिँउदाे भरिन्छ
शत्रुको सपना नाश हुनेछ ।

सबै  मित्रहरू भेला हुनेछन्
चाेरासि ब्यञ्जनकाे रास हुनेछ ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१४

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Wednesday, 25 February 2015

love story of Orpheus

this story is beautiful but tragic. It begins with Orpheus, the best musician that ever lived. One strum of his lyre, one note sung, and beasts would crawl to him, rocks would shift their moss to move to be closer, trees would tear their roots to be closer to him. He had more power than a mortal man ought to for he was the son of the Muse Calliope. He lived his life simply and carelessly until the day he met Eurydice. She was a Dryad, and when they fell in love it meant everything to them. But the rustic god Aristaeus saw Eurydice's beauty and desired it, and did not care that she was unwilling and in love with another. She ran from him in terror, without thought to her step, and so it was she stepped on a poisonous snake in her flight. The venom of its bite killed her at once and her spirit went to the Underworld. Orpheus was inconsolable. His grief was bitter, but he did not let it lull him into a stupor, he decided to take action. With his lyre, Orpheus descended into the Underworld. A normal mortal would have perished any number of times, but Orpheus had his lyre and his voice and he charmed Cerberus - the three-headed monster dog of Hades who guarded the Underworld - into letting him pass. Facing Hades and his cold Queen Persephone he played for them his sorrow at the loss of his love. The heart that was frozen by Hades' abduction melted in Persphone's breast and a tear rolled down her cheek. Even Hades could not help weeping. They let Orpheus through to Eurydice, but warned him very carefully: Eurydice would follow him into the light of the world and once she entered the sunlight she would be changed from a shade back to a woman. But if Orpheus doubted, if he looked back to see her, she would be lost to him forever. Orpheus heard and rejoiced. He turned and left the dark hall of Hades and began his ascent back to life. As he walked he rejoiced that his wife would soon be with him again. He listened closely for her footfall behind him, but a shade makes no noise. The closer to the light he got, the more he began to believe that Hades had tricked him to get him out of the Underworld, that Eurydice was not behind him. Only feet away from the light Orpheus lost faith and turned around. He saw Eurydice, but only for a moment as her shade was whisked back down among the other dead souls. She was gone. Orpheus tried again to enter the Underworld and demand her return, but one cannot enter twice the same way - and no other way was open to him. All that was left to him was death. Here the story changes. There are different stories of his death. Some say he played so mournfully that his songs called for death, and that the animals who surrounded him tore him apart, weeping as they did. Some say it was Maenads in a frenzy who ripped the singer to shreds. Some say he was struck down by Zeus for disclosing mysteries that were meant to be kept sacred. Either way, he was torn apart, and much of him was thrown to the winds. But the Muses mourned the death of their son and prodigy, and saved his head to sing forever. I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story of mughal

The story goes back in 1607, when a prince of the royal Mughal household strolled down the Meena Bazaar, accompanied by a string of fawning courtiers, he caught a glimpse of a girl hawking silk and glass beads. Five years and a wife later (in those days princes did not marry for love alone) the regal 20-yr-old went to wed his 19-yr-old bride. It was a fairy tale union from the start, one that withstood court intrigues, battles for succession and finally, the grand coronation. And when she died on the 19th year of their marriage, he etched her story in stone. The Taj Mahal is the living symbol of the monumental passion of Shah Jahan and Arjumand Banu. Which other love story has so grand a memorial? The Origin of Tajmahal The origin of the name the "Taj Mahal" is not clear. Court histories from Shah Jehan's reign only call it the rauza (tomb) of Mumtaz Mahal. It is generally believed that "Taj Mahal" (usually translated as either "Crown Palace" or "Crown of the Palace") is an abbreviated version of her name, Mumtaz Mahal (Exalted One of the Palace). The Taj Mahal is a deserving resting palace for an Emperor's Empress. It stands on the banks of the river Yamuna, which otherwise serves as a wide moat defending the Great Red Fort of Agra, the center of the Mughal emperors until they moved their capital to Delhi in 1637. It was built by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan in 1631 in memory of his second wife, Mumtaz Mahal, a Muslim Persian princess. She died while accompanying her husband in Burhanpur in a campaign to crush a rebellion after giving birth to their 14th child. Mumtaj Mahal - "Build me a Taj" As Mumtaz Mahal lay dying, she asked four promises from the emperor: first, that he build the Taj; second, that he should marry again; third, that he be kind to their children; and fourth, that he visit the tomb on her death anniversary. He kept the first and second promises. Construction began in 1631 and was completed in 22 years. Twenty thousand people were deployed to work on it. The principal architect was the Iranian architect Istad Usa; it is possible that the pietra dura work was coordinated by an Italian artist. Taj Mahal - Wonder of the World To people the world over, the Taj Mahal, mausoleum of Mughal Emperor shah Jana's chief wife, Mumtaz Mahal, is synonymous with India. Its curving, gently swelling dome and the square base upon which its rests so lightly is a familiar image from hundreds of brochures and travel books. The Taj is undoubtedly one of the most spectacular buildings of the world. Renowned for its architectural magnificence and aesthetic beauty, it counts among man's proudest creations and is invariably included in the list of the world's foremost wonders. As a tomb, it has no match upon earth, for mortal remains have never been housed in greater grandeur. Architecture of the TajMahal Construction began in 1631, and over 20,000 workmen and master craftsmen worked laboriously for 22 years to give shape to the emperor's passionate dream! The material was brought in from all over India and central Asia and it took a fleet of 1,000 elephants to transport it to the site. The complex was finally completed in 1653 at a cost of 32 Million Rupees (approx USD 68000) on the banks of river Yamuna in Agra, the capital of the Mughal monarchs. But the beauty of Taj Mahal is also tainted by the gory fact that the hands of some of the master craftsmen were amputated, to ensure that the perfection of the Taj could never be repeated ever again! I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story between Pocahontas & John Smith

Valentines Day is celebrated all over the world on 14th February. This day is associated with love. And when we are talking about love, how can we afford to forget about two of the greatest lovers- Pocahontas and John Smith. Pocahontas , an Indian Princess was the daughter of Powhatan. 'Pocahontas' was a childhood nickname referring to her frolicsome nature; in the Powhatan language it meant "little wanton". Her father Powhatan was the powerful chief of the Algonquian Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia. It was in April/May 1607 when the English colonists arrived in Virginia and began building settlements. It was then that Pocahontas for the first time in her life saw Englishmen. Among them all, she found John Smith, one of the leading colonists, most attractive and developed a liking for him. The first meeting of Pocahontas and John Smith is a legendary story. It is believed that John Smith was leading an expedition in December 1607 when a group of Powhatan hunters took him captive and brought him to Werowocomoco, one of the chief villages of the Powhatan Empire. Smith was taken to the official residence of Powhattan and he was tortured. It was Pocahontas who saved his life from the attack of the Indians. Smith was laid across a stone and was about to be executed, when Pocahontas threw herself across his body. Pocahontas then helped Smith to stand on his feet and Powhattan adopted Smith as his son. This incident helped Pocahontas and Smith to become friends with each other. Pocahontas, after this incident, made frequent visits to the Jamestown and passed on to the Englishmen messages of her father. In 1608, Pocahontas is said to have saved Smith a second time. Smith and some other colonists were invited to Werowocomoco by Chief Powhatan on friendly terms, but Pocahontas came to the hut where the English were staying and warned them that Powhatan was planning to kill them. Due to this warning, the English stayed on their guard, and the attack never came. In October 1609, after getting badly injured due to gunpowder explosion, John Smith returned to England. When Pocahontas made a visit to the fort, she was informed that Smith was dead. In March 1613, an Englishman, Captain Samuel Argall kidnapped Pocahontas and informed Powhatan that he would not release her, until Powhatan released the English prisoners along with various weapons and tools that he had confiscated earlier. Argall, arrived in Jamestown in April 1613. In December 1613 Captain Argall sailed up the Potomac River to a far Indian village to trade Pocahontas with the Indians. He traded a copper kettle for Pocahontas. The colonists hoped that Powhatan would trade the Indian prisoners and the guns he had taken for Pocahontas. Powhatan sent back many prisoners and promised friendship and corn, but he did not send back the guns. Captain Argall felt that by not sending the guns, Powhatan had sent only a part of the ransom. He did not send Pocahontas back to her father because of this. Even though she was held hostage, Pocahontas was free to go from house to house. Pocahontas settled down in Henricus. She was given a warm room, pretty clothes, and food to eat. It is here that Pocahontas fell in love with John Rolfe, an Englishman. In April they were married. Pocahontas converted to Christianity. She went by the name of Rebecca Rolfe, living an English life. For the next eight years the white men and the Indians were at peace. Pocahontas and John were very happy. They had a baby and named him Thomas. Rolfe invented new ways of planting and curing tobacco. He planned to send the tobacco to the Old World. In 1616 John and Pocahontas sailed to England to talk to King James about the sale of tobacco in England. In early 1617, Pocahontas made a visit to London, where he met his friend John Smith after eight long years and was shocked to see him alive. She is said to have been greatly grieved at not being able to marry her first love. It was their last meeting. It is said that overcome by emotion and recollections, while on a return voyage to Virginia, she died of a broken heart shortly afterwards in March on board. I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love storu between Salim & Anarkali

The love story of Salim and Anarkali is a story that every lover knows. The Mughal prince Salim falling for a courtesan Anarkali is the stuff that legends are made of. The relationship of Salim and Anarkali outraged the Mughal emperor Akbar so much that both father and son decided to go on war. According to legend, Salim, the son of the great Mughal emperor Akbar, fell in love with a beautiful courtesan named Anarkali as a young prince. Anarkali, whose title means "pomegranate blossom" (a title bestowed for her beauty) was famed for her dancing skills as well as her great beauty. It is believed that her original name was Nadira or Sharf-un-Nisa.He was mesmerized by her beauty and fell in love as soon as he saw her. But Anarkali was a mere dancing girl, and dancing girls were not of noble birth. They were considered to be low-born and keeping any relation with them were looed dow and strictly prohibited by the society. Anarkali knew that their romance was forbidden in the eyes of the prince's father, Mughal Emperor Akbar. So she tried to keep away from Salim. But how could she hold herself back from the prince's charms for long? Love knows no rules, and soon Anarkali too was deeply in love with Salim. But such an intense love can't be concealed forever. The emperor could not digest the fact that his son was in love with an ordinary courtesan. He started pressurizing Anarkali and devised all sorts of tactics to make her fall in the eyes of the young, love smitten prince. When Salim came to know of this, he declared a war against his own father. But the mighty emperor's gigantic army proves too much for the young prince to handle. He gets defeated and is sentenced to death. This is when Anarkali intervenes and renounces her love to save her beloved from the jaws of death. She is entombed alive in a brick wall right in front of her lover's eyes. It is, however, said that she did not die. The tomb was constructed on the opening of a secret tunnel unknown to Salim. It is said she escaped through that tunnel and fled the place, never to return again. The heartbroken Salim lives on to become emperor Jahangir. But he could never forget his one true love Anarkali, in his lifetime. When he died, her name was on his lips. Thus ends the tragic love story of Salim and Anarkali. Even today, these two lovers are remembered by people and held in esteem by lovers all over; such exemplary their love was. I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story between Paolo & Francesca

Paolo and Francesca, two of the most famous lovers in the history of literature, are the protagonists of a passionate and tragic love story made immortal in European art, music and literature by a number of authors, among them the Italian poet Dante Alighieri, who drew inspiration from the real events of Paolo Malatesta and Francesca da Rimini. He dedicated them one of the most beautiful and poetic cantos of the Divina Commedia (Inferno, Canto V). The poet sets them in the circle of the lustful because in life they were lovers and adulterers: in fact, Francesca, married to Gianciotto Malatesta (called ‘the Lame’) for reasons of state, fell in love with Gianciotto’s brother, Paolo (called ‘the Fair’), a love that led them to death at the hands of her husband. Dante places them among a crowd of very famous similar sinners, coming from different ages and places: from classical antiquity, as Dido, Helen of Troy and Cleopatra, as well as from the Arthurian legend, as Tristan, one of the knights of the Round Table, punished there for his adulterous love story with Isolde, wife of his uncle King Mark of Cornwall, who killed him in the end. The Arthurian legend actually enters Dante’s Divine Comedy also in Francesca’s evocation of her tragic story of love and death, through which Dante also pays literary ‘homage’ to the  tales of medieval chivalry, a witness to their fame throughout Europe. In fact, when Francesca tells the poet of her love affair with Paolo, she reveals that they had become lovers while reading the stories of the knights at the court of King Arthur. The words she uses to relate how their love story began (Inferno,V, 127-138)tell us something both about the medieval court, where the reading of romances was a common activity, and the popularity enjoyed by the Arthurian legend which Dante evokes with great precision, using the story of Lancelot as the emotional background to the birth of the passion between the two Italian lovers. The tragic love story of Paolo and Francesca has been the source of inspiration for many writers who have evoked it in their works. In particular the Post-modernist Jeanette Winterson rewrites it in her novel The PowerBook (2000). In fact, one of the peculiarities of Post-modernism, as well as of Jeanette Winterson’s oeuvre, including this work, is the frequent use of intertextual references to past and contemporary literature, both of other authors and of her own, and to other disciplines. Winterson’s central concern is the quest for absolute love, the axis on which all her novels move, frequently deploying some references to typical motifs of the traditional canonical romance with its conventions and topoi. However, in doing so, she also foregrounds such literary borrowings explicitly, actually entering a dialogic relationship with the ‘refracted’ text. This  happens also in The PowerBook at different levels; an example is offered by the section in which the story of Paolo and Francesca is introduced. It opens with a list of some “great and ruinous lovers”, couples who are generally considered paradigmatic examples of great lovers, a list in which she mixes real and fictional characters; among them there are both Lancelot and Guinevere, and Paolo and Francesca, whose love story she particularly focuses on in this part of her novel (in a previous section she had also rewritten the narrative of Lancelot and Guinevere). However Winterson gives a different representation of their adulterous love story, a more dynamic and descriptive version if compared with Dante’s. In fact, while the Italian poet focuses on the sinful act of the lovers and their punishment, the English writer describes their meeting in detail. The first part of the extract presents the life of Francesca before the encounter with Paolo. The young lady describes her father’s castle as a prison from which she can’t escape, the objective correlative of her psychological condition. There is the frequent use of the image of darkness, a metaphor for the intense sense of submission and moral imprisonment in which she is kept by her father, at the time a very common condition for women, prisoners of their patriarchal families, subjects of ‘exchange’, and the image of the stone, symbolic of a lifeless and oppressed existence (“built of stone”, l.8; “darkness”, l.8; “stone”, ll.9/10; “dark”, ll. 9/12). After this initial section the narrator, Francesca herself, introduces her future marriage and in her words there is the sense of her inner need for rebellion, signified by the expressions “roars” (l.22) and “tamed” (l.23) and by the frequent negatives: “not” and “nor” (l.26), “nothing” (l.30), etc. On the other hand there is the positive image of the candles, “which forced the darkness off a little” (l.19), that anticipates Paolo’s entrance on the narrative stage. Paolo’s arrival represents the end of imprisonment and the hope for Francesca to start a different life, free from her father’s control. This hope is visualised by the objective correlative of her hair which is loose (l. 22) and by the image of the light in the room, a light that isn’t produced by the fire or the candles but that is the metaphor for Francesca’s emotional condition, in opposition to the initial darkness. In this passage there are a lot of similes that give a clearer representation of Francesca’s psychology: “as loose and flowing as” (l. 22), “like a flute or a pipe” (l.31), etc. The day of the meeting marks the beginning of the secret love story between the two protagonists. After the first sexual experience Francesca’s psychology is totally transformed: now she and Paolo are dressed in “white” (l. 47), a colour that has a positive connotation, and they pass easily beyond the walls of the castle, a metaphorical image that signals the disruption of the barriers of oppression. Winterson skilfully enucleates all the psychological and emotional changes in a single sentence: “Today was not like that” (l.50); Paolo is a source of light for Francesca and the only possibility of escaping. Soon after Francesca’s psychological transformation is contrasted with the brief description of her future husband, Gianciotto Malatesta, Paolo’s brother. With the use of similes, there is a comparison between the two men: “My husband was scarcely four feet tall and as twisted in body as Paolo was straight” (l.75). Then she underlines his vulgar and lustful nature: “He cared for nothing but hunting and women, and he lashed his dogs and his whores with the same strap” (l.77-78). So it is evident that there isn’t any difference between her “childhood life” (l.80) and the “grave of her married life” (l.80): she has merely passed from one form of imprisonment to another. In this parallelism the only one who represents her safety is Paolo, who had “raised [her] from the dead for those few wide-open days.” (l.81-82). This last sentence is also one of the most important intertextual echoes of the extract, a biblical reference to Lazarus who was resurrected by Jesus Christ in the New Testament. However, it isn’t the only intertextual reference: immediately after there are a few lines where the similarity with the Italian version of Dante emerges very clearly. In fact there is the reference to the story of Lancelot and Guinevere (l. 86-87) and, above all, the perfect translation of an expression of the Italian poet: “There was no more time for reading that day” (l.91), that corresponds to the Italian version: “Quel giorno più non vi leggemmo avante.” By using a euphemism the Italian poet actually foregrounds, with less harrowing words, Gianciotto’s discovery and killing of the two lovers. In Winterson, the final moment of their story, is given terrible resonance and is even visualised in a cruel image that, in its abruptness, is meant to transmit the reader all the tragic, emotional intensity of  the  conclusion of the short passionate love of the two. Their murder is made more touching by the last and the most important intertextual reference to the Passion of Jesus Christ: “There is no love that does not pierce the hands and feet” (l.102), a religious passion whose intensity and accompanying suffering is also extended to Paolo and Francesca who died to defend their feelings, somehow ‘crucified’ on the altar of their love for each other. This sentence is also found in another novel by Winterson, Art & Lies (1995), a device that the novelist frequently uses in her literary production. However, the final image on which the story closes, is a positive, liberating one, explicitly evoking the sensations which they had felt when leaving her father’s castle at the beginning: “Hand in hand our souls flew down the corridors and out of his brother's palace as easily as our bodies had done when we left my father's house”. The couple’s love is so strong that it actually outlives them and survives death, even stronger than God, who cannot separate them even after death: “No one can separate us now. Not even God.” In Winterson’s novels, authentic love is frequently symbolised by the sun, the quintessential metaphor used in amatory discourse according to Julia Kristeva, that produces a sort of mutual dazzlement in the lovers, to suggest the function of enlightenment this feeling has. In the same way, Winterson frequently signifies lack of love with images of darkness and cold, as happens at the beginning of this love story when introducing Francesca’s life in her father’s castle or when she describes her married life as a “grave”. The story of Paolo and Francesca proves the rightness of Denis de Rougemont’s view that “Happy love has no history. Romance only comes into existence where love is fatal, frowned upon and doomed by life itself.”1 He also maintains that love is adulterous, whereas marriage is antinomic to love as it imprisons it in daily constraints denying it any possibility of idealisation. The same point is made by Julia Kristeva in Tales of Love (1987), where she argues that “the loving couple is outside the law”, adding that actually, as happens to Romeo and Juliet, or Tristan and Isolde, “breaking the law is the initial condition of amatory exhaltation”. I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story between Marc Antony & Cleopatra

The Legend of the love story between Marc Antony and Cleopatra was immortalized by William Shakespeare.  It has endured and fascinates to this day.  When Marc Antony's duties took him to Egypt, me met Queen Cleopatra and was immediately beguiled.  The spell she weaved over him was intense, and Marc Antony soon began to neglect his duties in order to be with her.  While he dallied with the Egyptian queen, Rome was in turmoil and his wife in Rome died. He is called back to rome from Alexandria to battle Sextus Pompey, Menecrates, and Menas, three notorious pirates of the Mediterranean.  But Cleopatra is heartbroken and she repeatedly begs him not to go.  All Marc Antony can do is reaffirm his love for her, but he is firm - he must go.   In Rome, Agrippa pushes for Antony to marry Octavius Caesar's sister, Octavia, in order to cement the bond between the two men.  Reluctantly Atony weds Octavia but Antony's lieutenant knows that Octavia can never satisfy him after Cleopatra.  Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety: other women cloy The appetites they feed, but she makes hungry Where most she satisfies. A soothsayer warns Antony that he is sure to lose if he fights Octavius.   In Egypt, when Cleopatra learns of Antony's marriage to Octavia, she takes furious revenge upon the messenger that brings her the news.  But her courtiers assure her that Octavia us ugly, short, low-browed, round-faced and has bad hair.  This soothes Cleopatra's temper.   Antony clashes with Octavius and Antony returns to Alexandria, he crowns Cleopatra and himself as rulers of Egypt and the eastern third of the Roman Empire.  He accuses Octavius of not giving him his fair share of Pompeii's lands.     Antony prepares to battle Octavius, and although warned not to battle at sea, Antony refuses.  Cleopatra pledges her fleet to aid Antony, however, during the battle, Cleopatra flees with her sixty ships, and Antony follows her, leaving his army to ruin.  Ashamed of what he has done for the love of Cleopatra, Antony reproaches her for making him a coward, but also sets this love above all else, saying "Give me a kiss; even this repays me."   Octavius sends a messenger to ask Cleopatra asking her to give up Antony and come over to his side.  While Cleopatra flirts with the messenger, Antony discovers them.  He orders the messenger to be seized and whippped.  The lover's spat cools and later, he forgives Cleopatra and pledges to fight another battle for her, this time on land.   Antony is winning the battle until Octavius shifts it to a sea-fight.  Once again, Cleopatra's ships desert him.  He is forced to surrender and publically denounces Cleopatra who has betrayed him once again.  He is determined to kill her.     But Cleopatra wants to win back Antony's love, so she sends him word that she has killed herself, dying with his name on her lips. She locks herself in her monument, and waits for Antony to come to her.       Unfortunately for Cleopatra, her plan backfires.  Saddened by the news of her death, Antony decides that his own life is no longer worth living.  He succeeds only in seriously wounding himself, prolonging his death.  When he learns that Cleopatra is alive, he goes to her monument, but dies in her arms.   Octavius attempts to convince Cleopatra to surrender.  She refuses.  But Cleopatra is betrayed and the Romans seize her.  Cleopatra resolves to kill herself, using the poison of an asp. She dies thinking of Antony who she hopes to meet in the afterlife.  Her serving maids also kill themselves. When Octavius discovers the dead women, he experiences great emotion.  Antony's and Cleopatra's deaths cleared the path for him to become the first Roman Emperor.  He ordered a public military funeral for them both and buried them together.    I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story of elizabeth

Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy have married and now it’s time for Elizabeth to be introduced to London. Amidst dinner, dancing, and tea Elizabeth must find a way to fit into the social circles that Mr. Darcy has always been a part of. While there are some who shun Elizabeth and some who are simply jealous, she manages to find a friend in the Marchioness of Englebury – a very powerful woman within society. Mr. Darcy Presents His Bride is a great telling of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth settling into marriage. Mr. Darcy Presents His Bride quickly became a favorite among the Pride and Prejudice sequels I’ve read. It is well written and fun and easy to read. The big plus of this book, though, is the characters. Halstead did a fantastic job writing Darcy and Elizabeth. In addition, Kitty Bennett and Georgiana Darcy get their stories here along with a few newer characters who were quite fantastic – the Marchioness of Englebury among them. This one is definitely worth picking up. arcy’s Voyage is a bit different than the above book being that it’s a variation, not a sequel. Elizabeth Bennett has been invited to join her aunt and uncle in America for a time and so she boards a ship to cross the Atlantic. Mr. Darcy allowed his sister to travel to America with her companion, but as she’s fallen ill, Mr. Darcy must travel to America to bring Georgiana back to England. The unlikely couple eventually become friends sharing morning walks among the deck of Pemberley’s Promise. When Mr. Darcy notices that Elizabeth is beginning to fall ill and hears about the illness in steerage he is quick to find a solution. He proposes that the captain marry them so that Elizabeth can take the one open bed on the ship – the one in Darcy’s cabin. The question becomes, after they separate in America, will they ever find each other again? For everybody who’s interested in a love story with a rather complex design and a happy outcome, Pride and Prejudice will be a suitable novel. What I refer to in particular, is the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, which is the main topic of the novel. The novel deals with the members of the Bennet family and especially with the fate of the elder sisters Jane and Elizabeth. They get acquainted with Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy, two gentlemen who have recently moved to the neighbourhood, at a ball in the near village of Meryton. While Jane and Mr. Bingley are getting along with each other easily, Elizabeth has the misfortune to overhear a dialogue between Bingley and Darcy, in which Darcy expresses his disregard of the people of Meryton in general and Elizabeth in particular. Because of this incident and Darcy’s stiff manners, her bad opinion of him is quite settled. Elizabeth dislikes Darcy even more when Wickham, who was acquainted with Mr. Darcy, tells her about the mischief Darcy has supposedly done to him. Therefore Elizabeth is really astonished when Darcy declares his love for her and wants her to become his wife. Due to her knowledge and opinion about him her refusal is quite plain and harsh. After this incident Elizabeth gets some new information from Darcy himself and from other sources and has to realize that she has done him wrong. Burdened with shame and regret she accidentally meets Darcy at his estate later. Perceiving Darcy in a new way now, Elizabeth gradually changes her mind and finally falls in love with him. As a result Darcy, who’s not too deeply offended by Elizabeth’s former behaviour and still in love with her, marries Elizabeth. There are indeed many things in this novel which are likely to please the reader. At first we have the aspect of language in general. The way in which Jane Austen writes makes the book easily accessible for the readers. There’s no difficulty in understanding and following the events of the story. Another interesting point is the love-story established between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. It is by no means easy for the reader to predict the outcome of the relationship. Except the small reference that Mr. Darcy has changed his opinion about Elizabeth, shortly after the incident of Meryton, there is no hint that they will ever fall in love with each other. Elizabeth in fact deeply despises Mr. Darcy. That makes the marriage proposal of Mr. Darcy quite surprising for everybody. But this complexity enlarges the entertaining effect of the novel. The turns in the story create tension and force the reader to follow the events to the very end. Even when Elizabeth starts to change her opinion about Mr. Darcy the later outcome is still just one possibility. If Jane Austen had put the affinity between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth plain and simple, much of the mentioned effect would have been lost. Another, quite funny thing is the character of the different people and how they are contrasted. On the one hand we have people like Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Bennet who are quite intelligent and witty. On the other hand there are the younger sisters of Elizabeth, Mrs Bennet and most other members of Meryton’s society. These people are rather dull and simple-minded. Mrs Bennet and Mrs Lucas for example, are only concerned with the aim of getting their daughters married. They pursue it with much determination and little regard to civility and manners. Mrs Bennet especially, is so eager to take part in the conversation of the ‘noble’ ones, that she makes a fool of herself without being aware of it. In contrast to this Mr. Bennet and Elizabeth are perfectly aware of the situation. When they join the conversation they often make comments full of irony. The irony is usually missed by the other people and the comments are taken seriously. This embarrassing behaviour of many characters and the dry remarks of Mr. Bennet and Elizabeth make the whole novel quite funny. The irony, which can be easily detected by the reader, has a really entertaining effect on the story in general. Also interesting for the present-day reader is the social and historical aspect of the novel. Because Jane Austen presents the contemporary society she experienced herself, we may get a rather accurate picture of, at least, a part of the English society in the early 19th century. And it’s a society which is striking and confusing for the modern reader, which again may enlarge the interest in the story. But this strangeness is also likely to create a problem. Since the general knowledge today of the ways and manners in the 19th century is small, many subtleties of the text will probably escape the notice of the reader. At last, there is a slight objection to make. What I did not like, although it may be typical for this genre, is the exaggerated expression of personal feelings. Even for smaller and unimportant events, there is always an emotional outburst to follow. These events get a bit annoying after seeing them frequently repeated in the course of the story. But in general, as is proofed by the precedi I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story between romeo & juliet

Romeo and Juliet is an enduring tragic love story written by William Shakespeare about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. Shakespeare borrowed his plot from an original Italian tale.  It is believed Romeo and Juliette were based on actual characters from Verona.  The Montague and Capulet families are feuding.  The Prince of Verona intervenes and declares that any further fighting will be punishable by death. When the Count of Paris approaches Lord Capulet about marrying his daughter, Juliet, he is wary of the request because she is only thirteen.  Capulet asks the Count of Paris to wait another two years and invites him to attend a ball.  Lady Capulet and Juliet's nurse urge Juliet to accept Paris' courtship. In the Montague house, Benvolio talks with his cousin Romeo, Lord Montague's son, about Romeo's recent melancholy.  Benvolio discovers Romeo's unrequited infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, a niece of Lord Capulet's nieces.  Persuaded by Benvolio Romeo attends the ball at the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline.  But it is not Rosaline who sweeps him off his feet - it is the fair Juliette. After the ball, Romeo sneaks into the Capulet courtyard and overhears Juliet on her balcony vowing her love to him in spite of her family's hatred for his family.  Romeo makes himself known to her and they agree to be married.   With the help of a friar, who hopes to reconcile the two families through their children's union, they are secretly married the next day. Juliet's cousin Tybalt, incensed that Romeo had crashed the Capulet ball, challenges him to a duel.  Romeo, now considering Tybalt his kinsman, refuses to fight.  Romeo's friend, Mercutio is offended by Tybalt's insolence, as well as Romeo's "vile submission" and accepts the duel on Romeo's behalf.  Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to break up the fight.  Grief-stricken and wracked with guilt, Romeo confronts and slays Tybalt. Montague argues that Romeo has justly fought and killed Tybalt for the murder of Mercutio.  The Prince exiles Romeo from Verona and declares that if Romeo returns, he will be executed.   Romeo secretly spends the night in Juliet's chamber, where they make love for the first and last time, consummating their marriage.  In the morning, he prepares to leave and kisses her one last time.  Lord Capulet, misinterpreting Juliet's grief, agrees to marry her to Count Paris and threatens to disown her when she refuses.  Juliette pleads for the marriage to be delayed, but her mother rejects her. Juliet visits Friar Laurence for help, and he offers her a drug that will put her into a death-like coma for forty-two hours.  The Friar promises to send a messenger to inform Romeo of the plan, so that he can rejoin her when she awakens.  On the night before her wedding to the Count, Juliet takes the drug and, when discovered apparently dead, she is laid in the family crypt. The messenger, however, failed to reach Romeo and, instead, he learned of Juliet's apparent demise from his servant.  Heartbroken, Romeo buys poison from an apothecary and goes to the Capulet crypt.  There, he encounters Count Paris who has come to mourn Juliet privately. Believing Romeo to be a vandal, Paris confronts him and, in the ensuing battle, Romeo kills Paris.  Still believing Juliet to be dead, Romeo drinks the poison. Juliet then awakens only to find her beloved Romeo dead.  Unwilling to live without him, she stabs herself with his dagger. The feuding families and the Prince meet at the tomb to find all three dead.  The Friar recounts their story.  The families are reconciled by their children's deaths and agree to end their violent feud.  I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story of victoria

Alexandrina Victoria, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent and Victoria Maria Louisa of Saxe-Coburg, was born in 24th May 1819. The Duke of Kent was the fourth son of George III and Victoria Maria Louisa was the sister of King Leopold of Belgium. The Duke and Duchess of Kent selected the name Victoria but her uncle, George IV, insisted that she be named Alexandrina after her godfather, Tsar Alexander II of Russia. Victoria's father died when she was eight months old. The Duchess of Kent developed a close relationship with Sir John Conroy, an ambitious Irish officer. Conroy acted as if Victoria was his daughter and had a major influence over her as a child. On the death of George IV in 1830, his brother William IV became king. William had no surviving legitimate children and soVictoria, became his heir. William's health was not good and he feared that Conroy would become the power behind the throne if Victoria became queen before she was eighteen. William IV died 27 days after Victoria's eighteenth birthday. Although William was unaware of this, Victoria disliked Conroy and she had objected to his attempt to exert power over her. As soon as she became queen in 1837, Victoria banished Conroy from the Royal Court. Lord Melbourne was Prime Minister when Victoria became queen. Melbourne was fifty-eight and a widower. Melbourne's only child had died and he treated Victoria like his daughter. Victoria grew very fond of Melbourne and became very dependent on him for political advice. Melbourne was leader of the Whig party and although radical in his youth, his views were now extremely conservative. Melbourne had been a member of Earl Grey's government that had passed the 1832 Reform Act, but he had privately been against the measure. Melbourne attempted to protect Victoria from the harsh realities of British life and even advised her not to read Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens because it dealt with "paupers, criminals and other unpleasant subjects". Victoria and Melbourne became very close. An apartment was made available for Lord Melbourne at Windsor Castle and it was estimated that he spent six hours a day with the queen. Victoria's feelings for Melbourne were clearly expressed in her journal. On one occasion she wrote: "he is such an honest, good kind-hearted man and is my friend, I know it." Some people objected to this close relationship. When on royal visits, some members of the crowd would shout out "Mrs. Melbourne". Lord Melbourne's old friend, Thomas Barnes, the editor of The Times wrote "Is it for the Queen's service - is it for the Queen's dignity - is it becoming - is it commonly decent?" In the autumn of 1837 a rumour circulated that Victoria was considering marrying Lord Melbourne. Queen Victoria wrote in her diary that she was growing very fond of Melbourne and loved listening to him talk: "Such stories of knowledge; such a wonderful memory; he knows about everybody and everything; who they were and what they did. He has such a kind and agreeable manner; he does me the world of good." In 1839 Lord Melbourne resigned after a defeat in the House of Commons. Sir Robert Peel, the Tory leader, now became Prime Minister. It was the custom for the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber to be of the some political party as the government. Peel asked Victoria to replace the Whig ladies with Tory ladies. When Victoria refused, Peel resigned and Melbourne and the Whigs returned to office. Soon after the return of Lord Melbourne as Prime Minister, Victoria saw Lady Flora Hastings, one of her ladies-in-waiting, getting into a carriage with Sir John Conroy. A few months later Victoria noticed that Lady Hastings appeared to be pregnant. When Victoria approached Lady Hastings about this she claimed that she was still a virgin and had not had a sexual relationship with Conroy. Victoria refused to believe her and insisted that she submitted to a medical examination. The queen's doctor discovered that Lady Hastings was indeed a virgin and that the swelling was caused by a cancerous growth on the liver. The story was leaked to the newspapers and when Lady Hastings died of cancer a few months later, Victoria became very unpopular with the British public. Soon afterwards an attempt was made to kill Victoria while she was driving in her carriage in London. Further assassination attempts took place in 1842 (twice), 1849, 1850, 1872 and 1882. Queen Victoria's cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg, visited London in 1839. Victoria immediately fell in love with Albert and although he initially had doubts about the relationship, the couple were eventually married in February 1840. During the next eighteen years Queen Victoria gave birth to nine children. Lord Melbourne resigned as Prime Minister in 1841. However, by this time, it was Prince Albert, rather than Melbourne, who had become the main influence over Victoria's political views. Whereas Melbourne had advised Victoria not to think about social problems, Prince Albert invited Lord Ashley to Buckingham Palace to talk about what he had discovered about child labour in Britain. Queen Victoria had a good relationship with the next two prime ministers, Sir Robert Peel and Lord John Russell. However, she disapproved of Lord Palmerston, the Foreign Secretary. Palmerston believed the main objective of the government's foreign policy should be to increase Britain's power in the world. This sometimes involved adopting policies that embarrassed and weakened foreign governments. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, on the other hand, believed that the British government should do what it could to help preserve European royal families against revolutionary groups advocating republicanism. This was very important to Victoria and Albert as they were closely related to several of the European royal families that faced the danger of being overthrown. Victoria and Albert also objected to Palmerston's sexual behaviour. On one occasion he had attempted to seduce one of Victoria's ladies in waiting. Palmerston entered Lady Dacre's bedroom while staying as Queen Victoria's guest at Windsor Castle. Only Lord Melbourne's intervention saved Palmerston from being removed from office. In the summer of 1850 Queen Victoria asked Lord John Russell to dismiss Palmerston. Russell told the queen he was unable to do this because Palmerston was very popular in the House of Commons. However, in December 1851, Lord Palmerston congratulated Louis Napoleon Bonaparte on his coup in France. This action upset Russell and other radical members of the Whig party and this time he accepted Victoria's advice and sacked Palmerston. Six weeks later Palmerston took revenge by helping to bring down Lord John Russell's government. In 1855 Lord Palmerston became Prime Minister. Queen Victoria found it difficult to work with him but their relationship gradually improved. When Palmerston died she wrote in her journal: "We had, God knows! terrible trouble with him about Foreign Affairs. Still, as Prime Minister he managed affairs at home well, and behaved to me well. But I never liked him." Prince Albert died of typhoid fever in December 1861. Victoria continued to carry out her constitutional duties such as reading all diplomatic despatches. However, she completely withdrew from public view and now spent most of her time in the Scottish Highlands at her home at Balmoral Castle. Victoria even refused requests from her government to open Parliament in person. Politicians began to question whether Victoria was earning the money that the State paid her. While at Balmoral Queen Victoria became very close to John Brown, a Scottish servant. Victoria's friendship with Brown caused some concern and rumours began to circulate that the two had secretly married. Hostility towards Victoria increased and some Radical MPs even spoke in favour of abolishing the British monarchy and replacing it with a republic. In 1868 William Gladstone, leader of the Liberals in the House of Commons, became Prime Minister. Gladstone's government had plans for a series of reforms including the extension of the franchise, elections by secret ballot and a reduction in the power of the House of Lords. Victoria totally disagreed with these policies but did not have the power to stop Gladstone's government from passing the 1872 Secret Ballot Act. In 1874 the Tory, Benjamin Disraeli, became Prime Minister. Victoria much preferred Disraeli's conservatism to Gladstone's liberalism. Victoria also approved of Disraeli's charm. Disraeli later remarked that: "Everyone likes flattery, and when you come to royalty, you should lay it on with a trowel." Queen Victoria was very upset when Gladstone replaced Disraeli as premier in 1880. When Disraeli died the following year, Victoria wrote to his private secretary that she was devastated by the news and could not stop crying. Gladstone's relationship with Victoria failed to improve. As well as her objection to the 1884 Reform Act, Victoria disagreed with Gladstone's foreign policy. William Gladstone believed that Britain should never support a cause that was morally wrong. Victoria took the view that not to pursue Britain's best interest was not only misguided, but close to treachery. In 1885 Victoria sent a telegram to Gladstone criticizing his failure to take action to save General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was furious because the telegram was uncoded and delivered by a local station-master. As a result of this telegram it became public knowledge that Victoria disapproved of Gladstone's foreign policy. The relationship became even more strained when Gladstone discovered that Victoria was passing on confidential documents to the Marquess of Salisbury, the leader of the Conservatives. In 1885 the Marquess of Salisbury became Prime Minister. He was to remain in power for twelve of the last fifteen years of her reign. Victoria shared Salisbury's imperialist views and was thrilled when General Kitchener was successful in avenging General Gordon in the Sudan in 1898. Victoria also enthusiastically supported British action against the Boers in South Africa. Queen Victoria died at her house on the Isle of Wight on 22nd January 1901 I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story of nepoleon

Napoleon became a general at a very young age and was put in a position of authority where the generals and almost all other officers he commanded were older than him. He felt that this wasn't a satisfactory situation and concluded that if he married a woman older than himself, he might claim to be older than he actually was and thereby obtain a little more respect from his officers. He also wanted to marry a rich, older woman. After the battle of Toulon and after saving the Directory from the Paris mob, Napoleon was invited to a party given by one of the Directors, Paul Barras. In effect, Barras was the next best thing to being king of France at the time. Barras envisioned using Napoleon's military talents for his own political and personal benefit. Barras also had at that time a mistress that he wanted to get rid of (Marie-Josephe-Rose de Beauharnais) because he had decided to take her best friend as his new mistress and couldn't afford to keep both. He knew that Napoleon was looking for a wife. He therefore decided to marry his mistress off to Napoleon; however, he didn't tell her this. He just told her that he wanted her to entertain Napoleon at the party and show an interest in him and praise his military skills. Well, this was all Napoleon needed. A beautiful woman fawning over him, apparently well to do, a member of the old aristocracy that had escaped the guillotine, she was older than himself but not too much (he thought), and she displayed keen interest in him (he thought). This, and a little urging from Barras after the party, was all that Napoleon needed to pursue her hand in marriage. Barras assured Napoleon that she had money, that she was a good catch, and that she would make a perfect wife for him. Napoleon began to pursue Rose. By the way, he didn't like her name so he told her he would call her Josephine. He pursued and pursued and Josephine kept humoring him. Finally, Barras strongly advised her to marry Napoleon. She said she would not. Then Barras told her that he had a new mistress, that he couldn't afford to maintain them both, that she was very expensive to maintain, and that if she didn't marry Napoleon he would stop providing for her and she would, in effect, be thrown out on the street. This was the one thing that Josephine couldn't bear. She was a compulsive spender. Another concern was her two children, Eugene and Hortense. Therefore, she gave in and agreed to marry Napoleon. By the way, she was much older than Napoleon thought and, although she said she was still of child bearing age, knew that she was barren and had been so for some time. They were married and a few days later Napoleon departed to Italy. He genuinely loved Josephine at this time. She despised him and thought he was a total bore. As soon as he was gone she began playing around on him. As time went on she had a string of lovers, pretended to miss him very much in response to his daily love letters, and did everything in her power to avoid going to join him in Italy as he was constantly urging. She even went so far as to pretend she was pregnant and couldn't travel. All this time she was attending balls and parties and committing adultery. From time to time, when Napoleon begged her to join him, she required Barras' assistance to convince Napoleon that she should not go. During this time some of Napoleon's officers, Murat, for example, had returned to Paris for one reason or another and had occasion to attend one of Josephine's parties or a party that she attended. In Murat's case, Napoleon had sent him back to Paris with the express mission of escorting Josephine to Italy, willingly or unwillingly. This was when Josephine made up the pregnancy story, which Murat "took" back to Napoleon instead of Josephine. While in Paris, Murat also heard all the gossip about Josephine and how she was making a fool out of Napoleon. Finally, it got to the point where Napoleon was getting so edgy that Barras was afraid he would return to France and forget about the Italian Campaign. This didn't suit Barras because he was making a lot of money out of that campaign. So he ordered Josephine to go to Napoleon. She did. Napoleon expected a pregnant Josephine. When she arrived she explained to him that she had had a miscarriage. He was torn with grief over losing his "son." Anyway, the Italian Campaign was finally over and Napoleon returned to Paris. Josephine had to be good (or at least try to be better) while he was there. Then Napoleon decided to go to Egypt. Barras thought this was a good idea because Napoleon was beginning to become too popular. When he left, Josephine went back to her old ways. Napoleon was still genuinely in love with her and doted over her. On 19 July 1798, while marching toward Cairo in the scorching sun, Bourrienne, Napoleon's Secretary, out of the corner of his eye, noticed Napoleon and Junot walking together. Bourrienne wrote, "I noticed Bonaparte walking alone with Junot. I was only a short distance away, but I do not know why my eyes fastened on him during that conversation. The general's pale face was paler than ever. His features were suddenly convulsed, a wild look came into his eyes, and several times he struck his head with his fists! Some fifteen minutes later, he left Junot and came toward me. I had never seen him so distraught, preoccupied. As I went to join him, he burst out with: "You are not genuinely devoted to me, or you would have told me what I have just learned from Junot. There's a true friend for you. Josephine! And I six hundred leagues away! You should have told me! Josephine--this to have deceived me! Damn them, I shall exterminate that whole breed of fops and coxcombs! As for her, divorce! Yes divorce--a public divorce, open scandal! I must write immediately. I know everything. It's your fault, you should have told me!" Bourrienne reasoned the subject of the conversation between Junot and Napoleon, had no personal knowledge of this himself, and was certain that what Junot had stated to Napoleon must have been exaggerations of the truth. They were not. The fact is that many of Napoleon staff officers were aware of Josephine's activities and it was common knowledge in Paris. Junot, unlike the rest of Napoleon's close friends, never achieved the rank of Marshal of France but stopped at general. It is believed by many historians that Napoleon never forgave Junot for telling him about Josephine and for this reason withheld the rank of Marshal from him. This information, once he confirmed it, totally destroyed Napoleon's love for Josephine. From this time onward, he never really loved another woman the way he had loved Josephine. When Josephine learned that Napoleon was coming back from Egypt early and that he had found out about her, she panicked. She departed with her daughter, Hortense, to meet Napoleon at the port so that she could persuade him that she had been faithful. But Napoleon landed at another port and got back to Paris ahead of them. When Josephine got back to Paris, she found that Napoleon had arrived ahead of her and had secluded himself in a room in the house. All of a sudden, after all of her affairs, Josephine had finally fallen in love with Napoleon--very deeply. But she was too late. He wouldn't see her until Hortense interceded and begged him to. Basically, he informed Josephine that she had killed his heart and that he could never love again. They remained husband and wife but from that point onward he was not a faithful husband. Strangely, she had become a faithful wife. The tables had turned. Napoleon had mistress after mistress. Now, although Napoleon didn't live Josephine, he did hold a deep devotion to her two children and he respected her abilities as a hostess and her persuasiveness in getting people to do things for him. He knew that while he was married to Josephine he could not produce a legitimate heir of his own, so eventually, when Hortense and his brother Louis had a son, Napoleon named him his heir. Now that Napoleon had an heir he felt that he could divorce Josephine. Then, in December 1805, he became Emperor of the French. He brought the pope to Paris to perform the coronation. Shortly after the pope's arrival Josephine accidentally let it slip that she and Napoleon had never had a church wedding, only a civil marriage. In the eyes of the church, therefore, they were not married and had been living in sin all this time. Napoleon was furious. Josephine had trapped him. Now, in order to be crowned Emperor he had to make the marriage respectable first and had to lay aside the design for divorce. Time marches on and so do the French armies, triumphantly across Europe. Napoleon still wanted an heir of his own blood. Therefore, he began negotiations with the Czar Alexander of Russia to marry his sister. This would serve three purposes: t 1. It would create a strong alliance with another major power 2. It would help to legitimize Napoleon's somewhat shaky claim to royalty, and 3. It would give Napoleon a young wife whom could bear his heir. Negotiations soon fell apart. Napoleon's foreign minister, Talleyrand, did not want this alliance and made sure it wouldn't occur by leaking information concerning Napoleon to the Russian Court. The Czar's mother refused to let her daughter enter into the marriage. Therefore, Napoleon turned his sights on Austria. As you know, he arranged to marry Maria-Louisa (whom he renamed Marie Louise because he didn't like her real name), who was the Emperor of Austria's favorite daughter and an Archduchess of Austria. I won't go into Marie Louise except to say that she was not at all that Napoleon had expected. (There are books about her and maybe one of these days you can read about her and how much of a disappointment she was.) Anyway, to marry Marie Louise he first had to divorce Josephine, which he did. However, he had grown to love her again--not the great love he held for her in the beginning--but a respectful love. He insisted that she retain the title of Empress and provided for her and her children. In 1814, when Napoleon abdicated, Marie-Louise returned to Austria with her father, taking her son with her. Napoleon never saw them again. Josephine continued to love Napoleon and later in the year, as she was dying from diphtheria, Napoleon's name was one of the last words she uttered, if not the last. Hortense and Eugene continued to be faithful to Napoleon. I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

love story of laila & majnun

The story of Laila and Majnun has been told in the East for thousands of years and has always exerted a great fascination, for it is not only a love-story, but a lesson in love. Not love as it is generally understood by man, but the love that rises above the earth and heavens. A lad called Majnun from childhood had shown love in his nature, revealing to the eye of the seers the tragedy of his life. When Majnun was at school he became fond of Laila. In time the spark grew into a flame, and Majnun did not feel at rest if Laila was a little late in coming to school. With his book in his hand, he fixed his eyes on the entrance, which amused the scoffers and disturbed everybody there. The flame in time rose into a blaze and then Laila's heart became kindled by Majnun's love. Each looked at the other. She did not see anyone in the class but Majnun, nor did he see anyone save Laila. In reading from the book Majnun would read the name of Laila, in writing from dictation Laila would cover her slate with the name of Majnun. 'All else disappears when the thought of the beloved occupies the mind of the lover.' Everyone in the school whispered to each other, pointing them out. The teachers were worried and wrote to the parents of both that the children were crazy and intensely fond of one another, and that there seemed no way to divert their attention from their love-affair which had stopped every possibility of their progress in study. Laila's parents removed her at once, and kept a careful watch over her. In this way they took her away from Majnun, but who could take Majnun away from her heart? She had no thought but of Majnun. Majnun, without her, in his heart's unrest and grief, kept the whole school in a turmoil, until his parents were compelled to take him home, as there seemed to be nothing left for him in the school. Majnun's parents called physicians, soothsayers, healers, magicians, and poured money at their feet, asking them for some remedy to take away from the heart of Majnun the thought of Laila. But how could it be done? 'Even Luqman the great physician of the ancients, had no cure for the lovesick.' No one has ever healed a patient of love. Friends came, relations came, well-wishers came, wise counselors came, and all tried their best to efface from his mind the thought of Laila, but all was in vain. Someone said to him, 'O Majnun, why do you sorrow at the separation from Laila? She is not beautiful. I can show you a thousand fairer and more charming maidens, and can let you choose your mate from among them.' Majnun answered, 'O, to see the beauty of Laila the eyes of Majnun are needed.' When no remedy had been left untried, the parents of Majnun resolved to seek the refuge of the Kaba as their last resort. They took Majnun on the pilgrimage to Kabatullah. When they drew near to the Kaba a great crowd gathered to see them. The parents, each in turn, went and prayed to God, saying, 'O Lord, Thou art most merciful and compassionate, grant Thy favor to our only son, that the heart of Majnun may be released from the pain of the love of Laila.' Everybody there listened to this intently, and wonderingly awaited what Majnun had to say. Then Majnun was asked by his parents, 'Child, go and pray that the love of Laila may be taken away from your heart.' Majnun replied, 'Shall I meet my Laila if I pray?' They, with the greatest disappointment, said, 'Pray, child, whatever you like to pray.' He went there and said, 'I want my Laila,' and everyone present said, 'Amen.' 'The world echoes to the lover's call.' When the parents had sought in every way to cure Majnun of his craze for Laila, in the end they thought the best way was to approach the parents of Laila, for this was the last hope of saving Majnun's life. They sent a message to Laila's parents, who were of another faith, saying, 'We have done all we can to take away from Majnun the thought of Laila, but so far we have not succeeded, nor is there any hope of success lift to us except one, that is your consent to their marriage.' They, in answer, said, 'Although it exposes us to the scorn of our people, still Laila seems never to forget the thought of Majnun for one single moment, and since we have taken her away from school she pines away every day. Therefore we should not mind giving Laila in marriage to Majnun, if only we were convinced that he is sane.' On hearing this the parents of Majnun were much pleased and advised Majnun to behave sensibly, so that Laila's parents might have no cause to suspect him of being out of his mind. Majnun agreed to do everything his parents desired, if he could only meet his Laila. They went, according to the custom of the East, in procession to the house of the bride, where a special seat was made for the bridegroom, who was covered with garlands of flowers. But as they say in the East that the gods are against lovers, so destiny did not grant these perfect lovers the happiness of being together. The dog that used to accompany Laila to school happened to come into the room where they were sitting. As soon as Majnun's eyes fell on this dog his emotion broke out. He could not sit in the high seat and look at the dog. He ran to the dog and kissed its paws and put all the garlands of flowers on the neck of the dog. There was no sign of reverence or worship that Majnun did not show to this dog. 'The dust of the beloved's dwelling is the earth of Kaba to the lover.' This conduct plainly proved him insane. As love's language is gibberish to the loveless, so the action of Majnun was held by those present to be mere folly. They were all greatly disappointed, and Majnun was taken back home and Laila's parents refused their consent to the marriage. This utter disappointment made Majnun's parents altogether hopeless, and they no longer kept watch over him, seeing that life and death to him were both the same, and this gave Majnun freedom to wander about the town in search of Laila, inquiring of everyone he met about Laila. By chance he met a letter-carrier who was carrying mail on the back of a camel, and when Majnun asked this man Laila's whereabouts, he said, 'Her parents have left this country and have gone to live a hundred miles from here.' Majnun begged him to give his message to Laila. He said, 'With pleasure.' But when Majnun began to tell the message the telling continued for a long, long time. 'The message of love has no end.' The letter-carrier was partly amused and partly he sympathized with his earnestness. Although Majnun, walking with his camel, was company for him on his long journey, still, out of pity, he said, 'Now you have walked ten miles giving me your message, how long will it take me to deliver it to Laila? Now go your way, I will see to it.' Then Majnun turned back, but he had not gone a hundred yards before he returned to say, 'O kind friend, I have forgotten to tell you a few things that you might tell my Laila.' When he continued his message it carried him another ten miles on the way. The carrier said, 'For mercy's sake, go back. You have walked a long way. How shall I be able to remember all the message you have given me? Still, I will do my best. Now go back, you are far from home.' Majnun again went back a few yards and again remembered something to tell the message-bearer and went after him. In this way the whole journey was accomplished, and he himself arrived at the place to which he was sending the message. The letter-carrier was astonished at this earnest love, and said to him, 'You have already arrived in the land where your Laila lives. Now stay in this ruined mosque. This is outside the town. If you go with me into the town they will torment you before you can reach Laila. The best thing is for you to rest here now, as you have walked so very far, and I will convey your message to Laila as soon as I can reach her.' 'Love's intoxication sees no time or space.' Majnun listened to his advice and stayed there, and felt inclined to rest, but the idea that he was in the town where Laila dwelt made him wonder in which direction he should stretch out his legs. He thought of the north, south, east, and west, and thought to himself, 'If Laila were on this side it would be insolence on my part to stretch out my feet towards her. The best thing, then, would be to hang my feet by a rope from above, for surely she will not be there.' 'The lover's Kaba is the dwelling-place of the beloved.' He was thirsty, and could find no water except some rainwater that had collected in a disused tank. When the letter-carrier entered the house of Laila's parents he saw Laila and said to her, 'I had to make a great effort to speak with you. Your lover Majnun, who is a lover without compare in all the world, gave me a message for you, and he continued to speak with me throughout the journey and has walked as far as this town with the camel.' She said, 'For heavens sake! Poor Majnun! I wonder what will become of him.' She asked her old nurse, 'What becomes of a person who has walked a hundred miles without a break?' The nurse said rashly, 'Such a person must die.' Laila said, 'Is there any remedy?' She said, 'He must drink some rainwater collected for a year past and from that water a snake must drink, and then his feet must be tied and he must be hung up in the air with his head down for a very long time. That might save his life.' Laila said, 'Oh, but how difficult it is to obtain!' God, who Himself is love, was the guide of Majnun, therefore everything came to Majnun as was best for him. 'Verily love is the healer of its own wounds.' The next morning Laila put her food aside, and sent it secretly, by a maid whom she took into her confidence, with a message to tell Majnun that she longed to see him as much as he to see her, the difference being only of chains. As soon as she had and opportunity, she said, she would come at once. The maid went to the ruined mosque, and saw two people sitting there, one who seemed self-absorbed, unaware of his surroundings, and the other a fat, robust man. She thought that Laila could not possibly love a person like this dreamy one whom she herself would not have cared to love. But in order to make sure, she asked which of them was named Majnun. The mind of Majnun was deeply sunk in his thought and far away from her words, but this man, who was out of work, was rather glad to see the dinner-basket in her hand, and said, 'For whom are you looking?' She said, 'I am asked to give this to Majnun. Are you Majnun?' He readily stretched out his hands to take the basket, and said, 'I am the one for whom you have brought it,' and spoke a word or two with her in jest, and she was delighted. On the maid's return Laila asked, 'Did you give it to him?' She said, 'Yes, I did.' Laila then sent to Majnun every day the larger part of her meals, which was received every day by this man, who was very glad to have it while out of work. Laila one day asked her maid, 'You never tell me what he says and how he eats.' She said, 'He says that he sends very many thanks to you and he appreciates it very much, and he is a pleasant-spoken man. You must not worry for one moment. He is getting fatter every day.' Laila said, 'But my Majnun has never been fat, and has never had a tendency to become fat, and he is too deep in his thought to say pleasant things to anyone. He is too sad to speak.' Laila at once suspected that the dinner might have been handed to the wrong person. She said, 'Is anybody else there?' The maid said, 'Yes, there is another person sitting there also, but he seems to be beside himself. He never notices who comes or who goes, nor does he hear a word said by anybody there. He cannot possibly be the man that you love.' Laila said, 'I think he must be the man. Alas, if you have all this time given the food to the wrong person! Well, to make sure, today take on the plate a knife instead of food and say to that one whom you gave the food, 'For Laila a few drops of your blood are needed, to cure her of an illness.'' When the maid next went to the mosque the man as usual came most eagerly to take his meal, and seeing the knife was surprised. The maid told him that a few drops of his blood were needed to cure Laila. He said, 'No, certainly I am not Majnun. There is Majnun. Ask him for it.' The maid foolishly went to him and said to him aloud, 'Laila wants a few drops of your blood to cure her.' Majnun most readily took the knife in his hand and said, 'How fortunate am I that my blood may be of some use to my Laila. This is nothing, even if my life were to become a sacrifice for her cure, I would consider myself most fortunate to give it.' 'Whatever the lover did for the beloved, it could never be too much.' He gashed his arm in several places, but the starvation of months had left no blood, nothing but skin and bone. When a great many places had been cut hardly one drop of blood came out. He said, 'That is what is left. You may take that.' 'Love means pain, but the lover alone is above all pain.' Majnun's coming to the town soon became known, and when Laila's parents knew of it they thought, 'Surly Laila will go out of her mind if she ever sees Majnun.' Therefore they resolved to leave the town for some time, thinking that Majnun would make his way home when he found that Laila was not there. Before leaving the place Laila sent a message to Majnun to say, 'We are leaving this town for a while, and I am most unhappy that I have not been able to meet you. The only chance of our meeting is that we should meet on the way, if you will go on before and wait for me in the Sahara.' Majnun started most happily to go to the Sahara, with great hope of once more seeing his Laila. When the caravan arrived in the desert and halted there for a while, the mind of Laila's parents became a little relieved, and they saw Laila also a little happier for the change, as they thought, not knowing the true reason. Laila went for a walk in the Sahara with her maid, and suddenly came upon Majnun, whose eyes had been fixed for long, long time on the way by which she was to come. She came and said, 'Majnun, I am here.' There remained no power in the tongue of Majnun to express his joy. He held her hands and pressed them to his breast, and said, 'Laila, you will not leave me any more?' She said, 'Majnun, I have been able to come for one moment. If I stay any longer my people will seek for me and your life will not be safe.' Majnun said, 'I do not care for life. You are my life, O stay, do not leave me any more.' Laila said, 'Majnun, be sensible and believe me. I will surely come back.' Majnun let go her hands and said, 'Surely I believe you.' So Laila left Majnun, with heavy heart, and Majnun, who had so long lived on his own flesh and blood, could no more stand erect, but fell backward against the trunk of a tree, which propped him up, and he remained there, living only on hope. Years passed and this half-dead body of Majnun was exposed to all things, cold and heat and rain, frost and storm. The hands that were holding the branches became branches themselves, his body became a part of the tree. Laila was as unhappy as before on her travels, and the parents lost hope of her life. She was living only in one hope, that she might once fulfill her promise given to Majnun at the moment of parting, saying, 'I will come back.' She wondered if he were alive or dead, or had gone away or whether the animals in the Sahara had carried him off. When they returned their caravan halted in the same place, and Laila's heart became full of joy and sorrow, of cheerfulness and gloom, of hope and fear. As she was looking for the place where she had left Majnun she met a woodcutter, who said to her, 'Oh, don't go that way. There is some ghost there.' Laila said, 'What is it like?' He said, 'It is a tree and at the same time man, and as I struck a branch of this tree with my hatchet I heard him say in a deep sigh, 'O Laila.' ' Hearing this moved Laila beyond description. She said she would go, and drawing near the tree she saw Majnun turned almost into the tree. Flesh and blood had already wasted, and the skin and bone that remained, by contact with the tree, had become like its branches. Laila called him aloud, 'Majnun!' He answered, 'Laila!' She said, 'I am here as I promised, O Majnun.' He answered, 'I am Laila.' She said, 'Majnun, come to your senses. I am Laila. Look at me.' Majnun said, 'Are you Laila? Then I am not,' and he was dead. Laila, seeing this perfection in love, could not live a single moment more. She at the same time cried the name of Majnun and fell down and died. I am using this app to read and know about the historical love story. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazing.lovestory

Tuesday, 24 February 2015

गजल

जब उसको मेराे सिमाना दुर भयो ।
नविन जिवनकाे आआफ्नो सुर भयो ।

सुन्छु उ  खुसियालीमा रम्दै छे रे उता
मेरो चैं जिन्दगी झन्झन्  झुर भयाे ।

जब उसले धाेका दिई साँचो प्रितिमा
याे काेमल मन अति क्रुर भयो ।

बिर्सि देउ मलाई भन्दै उ हिँडे पछि
सारा सपना मेरो चक्नाचुर भयो ।

बस्ने ठाउँ फेरियो उसको बिहे पछि
उसको धादिङ मेराे ललितपुर भयो ।

बाेलाउँथि उ ए बाँदर भन्दै मलाई
त्यही बाँदर अर्कैकाे लंगुर भयो ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१३

गजल

त्यो मकै बारि मजाको ।
झन् सिस्नु घारि मजाको ।

भन्थिन्  याे गाला छाम्दै
प्रिय तिम्रो दारि मजाको ।

कहिलेकाही रमाइलो गर्दा
उसले लाउँथि सारी मजाको ।

उ र म लुकिलुकि भेट्ने
वन थियो पारि मजाको ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१२

Monday, 23 February 2015

गजल

पत्थरकाे मन चिनिन त्यो मेरो गल्ती हाे ।
सम्बन्ध ताेडि हिनिन त्यो मेरो गल्ती हाे ।

तिम्रो त चाह थियो पहिलै माया छुटाउने
जुट झैं म छिनिन त्यो मेरो गल्ती हाे ।

तिम्रो आशा थियो भव्य उपहार  पाईयाेस
कागजका गुलाफ किनिन त्यो मेरो गल्ती हाे ।

तिम्रो लक्ष्य मेरो ईज्जत् माटोमा मिलाउने
चट्टान मैं इज्जत पिनिन त्यो मेरो गल्ती हाे ।

दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-११

Sunday, 22 February 2015

गजल

टिप्ने बेला छुटेको शिला सम्झिनु मलाई ।
नफक्रिँदै झरेको काेपिला सम्झिनु मलाई  । 

केही गरि तिमिलाइ  मेरो याद आयो भने
मुटु भित्र बिझेकाे किला सम्झनु मलाई  ।

उ हाे तिम्रो जिन्दगीको राजा सानू
यदि सम्झनै परेनि ढिला सम्झनु मलाई ।

साँच्चै झस्कायाे भने मेरो मायाले तिमिलाई
सुटुक्क लुकि डस्ने कमिला सम्झनु मलाई ।

म शुन्यमा शुन्य सरि हराई सकेँ प्रिय
स्वच्छ आकासे रंग निला सम्झनु मलाई । 

तिम्रो त्यो अति सुन्दर स्वर्णिम महलबाट  
सुन्दर कमल फुल्ने हिला सम्झनु मलाई  ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१०

Saturday, 21 February 2015

गजल

नछाेईने आकाशकि जुन रहिछ्याै तिमी ।
बिना पानी बाँच्ने घुन रहिछ्याै तिमी ।

केही गरेनि नसजिने झुपडीका पर्खालमा
सिमेन्टको वाल सजिने चुन रहिछ्याै तिमी ।

मेरा यी सामर्थ्यले देख्न पनि नसकिने
महंगिकाे नम्बरि सुन रहिछ्याै तिमी ।

एकै पलमा हजार मन लठ्ठ बनाउने
कृष्णजिकाे बाँसुरिकाे धुन रहिछ्याै तिमी ।

काेट्याउन छुट्याउन केही गर्न नसकिने
सागरमा घाेलिएकाे नुन रहिछ्याै तिमी ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१०

गजल

मलाई सुन्दर परि चाहियो ।
प्रित फुल्ने नगरी चाहियो ।

काेमल मुटु खडेरीले सुक्याे
प्रित रसाउन झरि चाहियो ।

हृदयका खतहरु देखे सबैले
लुकाउन उनको दरि चाहियो ।

नपाउँदा मन बुझाउने बाटो कतै
मान्छे झैं बाेल्ने चरि चाहियो ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-१०

गजल

तिमिसँग साँचो माया बस्यो सानू ।
सम्झनामा धेरै आँसु खस्याे सानू ।

तिमिलाई छाेडि आज टाढा हुनु पर्दा
सम्झनाले फेरि मुटु डस्याे सानू।

धेरै भकाे थिएन तिम्रो मेराे चिनजान
अनायासै मनमा प्रित पस्यो सानू ।

सपनामा भेट्न तिमी आँउछेउ सधैं
त्यो सपनिले छुरा धस्याे सानू ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-९

Friday, 20 February 2015

गजल

गजल
अझै पनि उस्तै छ दिन गरिबको ।
खै कहिले पाे सकिएला रिन गरिबकाे ।

गर्दा गर्दै मेलापात भञ्ज्याङ चाैतारि
फुर्सद नै हुन्न एक छिन गरिबकाे ।

पाेहाेर पनि छाकाे छैन चुहिने छानाे
अब कस्ले फेरिदेला टिन गरिबीको

थाेत्रा लुगा लाउनु पर्छ महिलाे हुन्छ झन
हिलासँग प्यार छ छैन घिन गरिबीको ।

ल त हजुर गरिबका कुरा पाेखें मैले नि !!!������������
२०७१-११-९

गजल

हिराे बन  भन्दा तिमी दारिकाे कुरा गर्छाै ।
जमाना पाइन्टकाे छ  सारिकाे कुरा गर्छाै ।

साँचो माया त सधैं  हृदयमा हुन्छ सानू
किन सधैं तिमी वारि पारिकाे  कुरा गर्छाै ।

म त शिक्षित मान्छे घाँस काट्ने कुरै भएन
बेकारमा किन घर बारिकाे कुरा गर्छाै । 

सानो देखि नै मेरो  शहर बस्ने ईच्छा थियो
किन म नडुल्ने काडा  घारीकाे कुरा गर्छाै ।

सुन्नु छैन मलाई तिम्रो बखान धेरै अब
नचाहिने पाखे ती नरनारिकाे कुरा गर्छाै ।
दिप शर्मा
२०७१-११-८